An evaluation of two primary sources in Nazi Germany Essay

An evaluation of two primary sources in Nazi Germany - Essay Example Goebells can be trusted to paint an accurate and reliable picture of the Ministry’s aims. Goebbels was knowledgeable on the media/manipulating press, in the full speech Goebbels points out that he is ‘from the press’2 and goes on to say that he wants the press to be involved in the ministry. Goebbels is persuasive, he claims alignment to the press, suggesting he’s one of them; then stresses the high importance and value of their role; essentially bolstering the troops and thus he comes across as an informed authority on the subject. The speech is represented slightly differently in different textbooks; presumably due to the translation from German to English. Whereas the Noakes and Pridham version says: ‘work on people until they have capitulated to us’3 – the David Welch version says: ‘work on people until they are addicted to us.’4 There is a subtle difference in meaning between these two translations, the first suggesting surrender, the latter suggesting devoted, and this must be borne in mind when interpreting the source. The final line of the document gobbet states: ‘tell the masses what they want,’5 this applies Antonio Gramsci’s term ‘hegemony,’ whereby the masses of society give their consent to the ‘direction imposed on social life by the dominant fundamental group.’6 It’s highly significant to the way in which propaganda works and influences. Goebbels is keen to make the distinction between enlightenment and propaganda, by defining propaganda in more positive terms as being active, something that persuades people to believe; whereby enlightenment is more of a passive process. The source has a wider significance when the events that occurred afterward are considered in hindsight. In March 1933 the Nazi’s were beginning to gain a political foothold, they’d achieved 288 seats, but had still failed to win a majority vote7. Propaga nda was intended to forge Nationalism, so that people would put aside any other separate defining social groups such as class or religion and instead focus upon the Nation. Goebbels was effective in setting up and directing the Nazi propaganda Ministry. In Goebbels’ speech he talks of wanting to put across propaganda in a current fashionable manner, radio was a key factor in this. Dr. Brian Currid in his chapter called ‘Radio, Mass Publicity and National Fantasy’ explains how German radio had begun 10yrs earlier than Goebells article, in 19238, and at that time mostly consisted of music and songs. Currid charts the change or reform of radio’s usage by the Nazis into something nationalized and states: ‘After the so-called Gleichschaltung, or consolidation, of the radio – the power of the Nazis to manipulate public opinion had reached unimaginable heights seemingly overnight.’9 Nanny Dreschler also suggests that the radio meant that †˜indoctrination and entertainment [could] be extended into the private sphere without difficulty.’10 On the 30th June, following Goebell’s speech, Hitler himself gave a speech which is a very similar source. This served to corroborate the Nazi party’s stance and lend support to Goebells, stating that as Minister, Goebell’s was: ‘responsible for all influences on the intellectual life of the nation, public relations for state culture’11 The second source is a local newspaper report from March 16 1934, a primary source from the time of the events

Infosys Case Study

Infosys Case Study Introduction Indian software industry: In the last few decades Indian software industry emerged as one of the best providers of software services and products globally, in the year 1999-2000 the software industry alone in India accounted for $5.7bn in revenues out of which $4bn come from software exports to other nations, which shows a positive signs and a 53% increase in software exports from previous year, 10% of the total exports of the country come from software only. In 1999 software industry shows some dramatic change in stock markets and it rose to $90bn from $4bn the same year on stock market, which further crash down due to NASDAQ crash, but till then 185 industries out of fortune 500 has already developed their offshore centres in India. (Palepu khanna, 2001). The rise in Indian software industry is due to cheap talent available in the country and gradually building reputations for reliability and high quality services and began to provide value added services as compared to the global industries. (Banerjee and Duflo, 2000). Infosys: Just with the mere amount of $300 Infosys consultants began its operations with visionary Mr. N.R. Narayanmurthy as its chairman, with a purpose of providing offshore and on site consulting on corporate programming by effectively utilising the inexpensive but well trained and talented software engineers of India. The first year successful operation resulted in revenues of Rs 1.16 mn which followed to Rs 100 mn down the lane in 10 years and success story is still going today. (Heitzman, 1999) To compete in the niche market Infosys developed some of the remarkable software products such as DMAP distribution management application package a suite of 600 programs used by Reebok in France. Eagle a ware house management package and BANCs 2000 a n automated banking package installed at over 60 banks branches in INDIA by 1195 ( Heitzman, 1999) In 1993 Infosys changed its name to Infosys technologies and listed the company on BSE with IPO and followed the corporate governance (Palepu Khanna,2001) Infosys terminated its arrangement with Kurt salmon and associates in 1996 and formed a new fully owned subsidiary called Yantra corporation based in Massachusetts for marketing and supporting its products in US Yantra purchased Eagle for US$ 10 mn. In 1996-97 Infosys invested some US$ 2 million in research and development so that it can focus on developing its new and innovative products only. Followed by huge success always Infosys revenues rose from US$2.64 million in 1991 to US$18.11 million in 1995 to US$39.59million in 1997( Heitzman, 1999) Company now adopted a structure bas on focusing on five strategic business units focusing on specific business domains plus 10 group focusing on specific product and management fields for e.g. education technology etc. Infosys has eight development centres in India, six sales offices in U .S. and two in Europe. (Heintzman, 1999). One of the major strengths of Infosys is its Human resources Infosys in March 1997 hired 1705 employees labelled them as Infoscions and intend to hire some 700 more which accounts for 36% of the total revenue of the Infosys. Infosys on an yearly average invest some 5% of its revenue on training and development of its staff. (Heintzman, 1999) Infosys corporate strategy: Corporate strategy: The overall strategy for a diversified multi service/ multi product organizations, tells the overall scope of the business in terms of product services and resource management. ( Thompson martin,2005) The emergence of strategic management discipline in 1960s resulted in four major corporate strategies SWOT in 1960s, Strategic planning matrix in 1970s, competitiveness in 1980s, and core competencies in 1990s (karki, 2004) . During that era corporate strategy is decided based on the assessment of frameworks and responsive to the imperatives of evolutionary and emerging contexts, but for the coming decade the imperatives for the India organisation are: From the evolutionary context Correcting the mindset of dependency on the government; going beyond rationalization of businesses; establishing tight linkages between corporate and business strategies with operations; venturing into new areas; and, building on success against multinational corporations. From the emerging context Large, growing, and internationalizing Indian economy; Globally integrated capital markets; information and communication technologies; Tenets of governance; and, management resource and capability (Karki,2004) Considering the above mentioned imperatives and comparing it with any other American business a new so called Root Branch corporate strategy is adopted for Infosys. Root Branch corporate strategy Root: Being Honest Being World Class Branch: India focused , India diversified and global focused( karki ,2004) Picture model of Root Branch Strategy Company specific factors Infosys A Infosys B Infosys C Branch Root 1. India Focused Being Honest 3. Global Focused Being world class 2. India diversified Industry specific factors Strategy of Infosys Root branch strategy is classified in three broad categories Root: the first level response of the organisation to the commonalities in the evolutionary and emerging contexts which are essential for the organisation. (karki,2004) Branch: the second level response are the strategic directions o the contextual imperatives which an organisation should adopt to meet the requirements in an appropriate manner.(karki,2004) Components based on organisations industry and company specific features. (Karki, 2004) Root has two components Being Honest in terms of customers by delivering fair products and services at the required time and in terms of employees by giving fair compensation rewarding achievements and contribution and meeting legitimate career aspirations which Infosys is pretty much following and known for its better employee satisfaction and in terms of investors Infosys should provide superior returns sharing all future plans and strategies with the stake holders better utilization of shareholders resources for better future profitability, and maintaining corporate governance effectively.( Karki, 2004) (Palepu and Khanna, 2001) Being World class: The strategy component results from existing and emerging competitive reality and do the business of a growing Indian economy and to match the cost responsiveness factors as a global company by reaching scale economies and facing vest competition in the domestic market to step further to global markets.(karki,2004) Branch has three aspects: India Focused: This strategic direction is high for Infosys as India is emerging as a global economy and there still many grounds to be covered by Infosys at Indian level, 185 of Fortune 500 companies have already settle their offshore software development centres in India. (Palepu Khanna, 2001) and still many more global organisations, Banks are willing to open their off shore centres in India seeking cheap Talent over there, Infosys should focus on Indian market and improve their market share in India as most of the Infosys revenues comes from software exports to U.S. India Diversified: Many remarkable examples in India organisations can be seen in Diversification Tatas, Reliance, Bharti group ,Aditya Birla group etc can be seen as success through diversification Infosys should focus on Diversify its business in India as India is highly populated market and a developing too, Infosys should go for software related diversify services such as Telecom operations etc. It can bring a larger market share as well as a bigger brand image for Infosys, diversification also provides ground for a company to compete in various markets and achieving scale economies and an ability to compete globally. Global Focused: As India software industry is now recognized as a very highly reliable and value added product services globally,(Palepu Khanna,2001) Infosys is known to be have some of the best software professionals globally seeking all these Infosys should come out with a strategy of a global brand by focusing on many other emerging economies such as Africa and Asia rather than keep focusing on U.S. as it may prove a mess later sometime if there is an economic crisis come in U.S same as in 1999 when NASDAQ falls. Infosys should also try to come out with its brand image as a truly India and a cheap talent company to boost up its revenue in global markets, for this Infosys should focus on appointing multi ethnic and multi cultural employees globally and some at very respective designations. To improve its brand image and globalisation Infosys should also focus on standardisation of its software products, which can be achieved by listing Infosys on various stock markets across the w orld and by penetrating new markets. (Karki,2004)(Palepu Khanna, 2001) Infosys BPO The current wave of globalisation give shapes to various new forms of international trade hence emerged with several new changes in which the talent can be mobilized combined across national boundaries. Business process outsourcing has become one of the vital part of this trend of globalisation. Infosys BPO is ranked as the 7th largest BPO industry in INDIA by NASSCOM [Bhargava,2007]. Some of the key consulting features which Infosys is providing in the form of BPO are mentioned as follows. Infosys in communications IPTV solutions Billing support operations Customer relationship management [CRM] tools Data centres consolidation Field optimization Tools Mobile applications. Revenue Assurance solutions. [Infosys] IPTV Solutions: Infosys Modular content accelerator (MCA) solution for IPTV established an IPTV product innovation centre that served as an interface between the stakeholders in consumer marketing and IT. [Infosys] Infosys MAC proved to be successful and accelerated the product development by 30%-40% Offered a platform capability to launch rich content services by leveraging technology from a global network of third party component drivers. Created a blue print for a rich set of product offerings to maximize customer revenue.[Infosys case study,2009] Billing support operations: Infosys BPO provides the client with a flexible platform, equipping them with an improved business process model. This has resulted in faster TURN AROUND TIME (TAT) and significant cost savings for the client/s. Key features : BPO with offline helpdesk. Better use of resources Focus on providing process improvements : achieved by process automation and process re-engineering tools and techniques provided by Infosys. Improve resource efficiency by eliminating repetitive manual tasks Reduce user applications, backlogs, increase transparency. Owing end to end process.[Infosys case study ] CRM Tools: Today CRM is the essential part of the communications industry. Infosys offers a wide range of services across major CRM products from structuring a road map to implementation and post product support .[Infosys] CRM challenges: Focus on new revenue markets Complex pricing models Increase channel efficiency Focus on customer retention and churn to reward loyal customers and increase stickiness. Product rationalization. Cost cutting. Infosys solutions: Oracle Telco lab solutions by Infosys offers a pre integrated suite of offerings to leverage oracles comprehensive offerings for the telecom industry A state of the art lab associated with the solution can incubate complex solutions concepts , model solutions to specific customer problems , showcase industry trends.[Infosys] Telecom order management solutions(TOMS) tool by Infosys helps CSPs in improving their efficiency in order management and increase revenues driven by changing customer needs.[Infosys] End to End Boss Framework by Infosys helps CSPs to enable rapid rollout of wholesale products, Intelligent order routing and order fallout management.[ Infosys] iBillcare business platform solutions: helps CSPs to focus on their core competencies with integrated applications , customer care and billing functions[Infosys] Data Centre consolidation Reduction in number of physical boxes by using virtualisation technology. (Infosys) Reduction in complexity of managing servers. Infosys solutions for data centre consolidation results in time management as well as the reduction in the costs to a much lower level. Which helps organisations to increase their efficiency and hence revenue.[Infosys] Field optimization Tools. Field optimization is the essential part in telecom organisations; Field optimization helps telcos to analyse the network problems and produce detailed reports on the basis of analysis, it helps telcos to improve the efficiency of their network, revenue and customer satisfaction.[Infosys] Mobile applications Various types of software applications are provided by Infosys to enhance features of mobiles and gain customer share in the market and increase revenue. [Infosys] Infosys in Banking, finance and Insurance Risk Management Anti Money laundering services Mobile banking Portfolio management Modernization by IT applications [Infosys] Risk management Infosys by its expert IT team made tools which helps in analysing markets for banking and financial organisations. The RMT helps in implementing and integrating process that analyse risk related data and predict liquidity. Anti Money laundering services Increasing crimes in banking and financial sector makes enormous demands for security of customer data. Infosys AML applications provides safeguard to many banking and financial organisations to safeguard their data and capital. [atul shukla] Mobile Banking Infosys Mobile banking applications helps banks to retain customer satisfaction as well as update the customer through SMS services about their banking details, Mobile banking provides flexibility ion the new age banking services. Portfolio Management Although Portfolio management is in practice by banking from decades but Infosys has give a solution inn PM by mixing it with IT. The IT portfolio management helps mangers to gain customers and analyze market data and provide best to the customers.(Infosys)

Great Gatsby :: essays research papers

Nick Carraway, the narrator of F. Scott Fitzgerald’s The Great Gatsby, assigns certain types of images and descriptive words to Tom, Daisy and Jordan and continues to elaborate on these illustration throughout the first chapter. Nick uses contrasting approaches to arrive at these character sketches; Tom is described by his physical attributes, Daisy through her mannerisms and speech, and Jordan is a character primarily defined by the gossip of her fellow personages. Each approach, however, ends in similar conclusions as each character develops certain distinguishing qualities even by the end of the first chapter. Lastly, the voices of the characters also helped to project truly palpable personalities.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Tom Buchanan is repeatedly depicted by words referring to his hulking and massive frame, producing a vivid image of sheer arrogance and power. Before Tom is even introduced, his expansive house is seen, an ostentatious mansion fit for a postcard. Tom later remarks matter-of-factly “I’ve got a nice place here'; (12). Nick’s first actual encounter with Tom is a paragraph saturated with words of strength and authority: sturdy, supercilious, enormous, and aggressive, to name a few. Tom’s physical body is described as “cruel'; and this describes more than just his body, but his demeanor as well. His voice, “…a gruff husky tenor…'; (11), added to his rough image. Every one of his actions is completed with unnecessary force. Tom has the tendency to manhandle Nick, manipulating nearly all of his movements. “…wedging his tense arm imperatively under mine, Tom Buchanan compelled me from the room as though he were m oving a checker to another square. (16)'; The action verbs Fitzgerald employs convey Tom’s brutish force. Charles Scribner III could not have been more correct when he said, “I would know Tom Buchanan if I met him on the street and would avoid him…'; (199).   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Daisy’s actions and words contrast greatly with her husband, Tom, and his grave nature. Her impression on the reader is frivolous with her “charming little laugh'; (13), and her light manner. In addition, Daisy’s tendency to murmur, rumored to make people lean closer to her, also reflects on her coquettish personality. Nick’s ability to read Daisy so well from her facial expressions and body language attests that her mannerisms are very illustrative; “Daisy took her face in her hands…I saw that turbulent emotions possessed her, so I asked what I thought would be some sedative questions. She also welcomes Nick’s charming but cheesy flattery, when talking about Chicago and she treats him the same way in return by referring to him as a rose and also by saying “I am p-paralyzed with happiness'; (13).

Reflective Leadership Plan

A person with average charisma can be a superior leader. I consider myself to be a leader with average charisma and I am set on changing the world. I am a leader who has an exceptional relationship with my followers and it goes beyond setting goals, using resources, and conducting business (Nahavandi, 2006). My students do not see me as merely an Instructor but as role model and/or hero. One characteristic that defines charismatic leaders is their self-confidence in their own abilities and in the correctness and the moral righteousness of their beliefs and actions (Bass, 1985).Whereas noncharismatic leaders doubt themselves in the face of failure and criticism, charismatic leaders seem to know they are right and project that confidence. My high level of confidence in their actions motivates my students and creates a self-fulfilling prophecy. Along with a high level of self-confidence, I exhibit high energy levels. I am enthusiastic about my ideas and actions, I am highly expressive, and I use my nonverbal cues to lend support to my students’ verbal messages.Charismatic leaders are masterful impression managers (Conger, 1989 House, 1977). They surround themselves with dramatic and mystical symbols that further enhance the image of the leader as a larger-than-life figure. I believe that we are born with the traits to become great leaders. Leadership can come in different forms and from all backgrounds. Having all the right conditions in place will not guarantee leadership. I have come across leaders with all the right conditions who failed by performance when given the opportunity.I have also come across the uneducated with no support system who becomes business owners and community leaders. First, leadership is a group phenomenon; there can be no leaders without followers. Leadership always involves interpersonal influence or persuasion. Second, leadership is goal directed and plays an active role in groups and organizations. Leaders use influence to guid e others through a certain course of action or toward the achievement of certain goals. Third, the presence of leaders assumes some form of hierarchy within a group.As far as my leadership style goes. I am more task oriented, according to the â€Å"What’s my Leadership Style Assessment†. I have little concern for people and more concern for completing the task. My leadership style would not work because I need more balance between the tasks and the people. This is something I would have to work on. My goal is to be a charismatic transformational leader. My current leadership style would create a problem in an organization. Gaining concern for the people would be one way my leadership style would become more effective.Getting more involved in the wants and needs of the people could aid in transforming my leadership style. I would also like to hear suggestions from my followers. As a transformational leader, I would have to bring about change, innovation, and entrepreneu rship. Transformational leaders are social and are capable of being learned and managed. It's a leadership process that is organized. The process consists of meaningful searches for change, orderly analysis, and the ability to move resources from areas of lesser to greater productivity.Strategic transformation of an organization is not something that happens exclusively through the unique behavior of charismatic intellects, it is a discipline with a set of predicted steps. Transforming an organization to make it strategically economical is a multifaceted task. However, the proof that has been gathered shows that transformation can be thought about and acted on within a framework that's easy to understand (Tichy and Devanna, 1990). To help in the development of my leadership style I would like to transform an organization.Though this may be a challenge, I know that it will involve both joys and sorrows. Winning/beating the competition is exciting, but it's painful to lay off workers, sell off businesses, and disrupt traditions. These occurrences are often part of a renewal, for what worked in the past may have become the cause of failure in the present. Transforming an organization also requires new vision, new frames for thinking about strategy, structure, and people. Some entrepreneurs can start with a clean slate, but transformational leaders begin with what is already in place.They are like architects who must redesign outmoded factories for a new use (Tichy and Devanna, 1990). Transformational Leadership Theory states that transformational leaders provide people with support by engaging with them in a way where the leaders and followers raise each other to higher levels of motivation and morality (Burns, 1978). Leaders encourage followers to accept the disappointments without feeling as if they had failed at specific tasks As a future transformational leader, I must identify myself as a change agent.My image, both professional and personal, is to make a di fference in the organization and to transform it. I must be a courageous wise risk taker, who is not afraid to take a stand. I will believe in my people and have sensitivity them but yet powerful which leads to the empowerment of them. My drive is value and I will be able to articulate a set of essential beliefs and show behavior that is quite constant with my positions. I am a lifelong learner with the ability to talk about my mistakes so that I can correct them. I will have a gift to deal with complexity, ambiguity, and uncertainty.I will learn to cope with problems in a tough, altering economy. And have a vision of what I want in my organization and be able to translate those dreams and images so that other people could share them (Tichy and Devanna, 1990). Transformational leaders are supportive of their people by helping them to replace past glories with future opportunities. This will happen only if they are able to acknowledge individual struggle that has come from a sense of loss in the transition. Leaders should encourage employees to accept the failures without feeling as if they had failed.It does not help to treat transitions as if the past did not exist. The past will hold the key to understanding what went wrong as well as what worked and can frequently provide a useful map to the future. Transformational leaders are being asked to address not only economic issues but also moral issues. Transformational leaders must be prepared to deal with a world in which resources are increasingly scarce and change happens more rapidly. All of the traits of a charismatic transformational leader are areas that I need to work on to become my best.This will be overcome by my class teachings and readings. To ensure that I am on the right path, I will implement a survey that will be administered to my followers. This survey will entail all of the key aspects of becoming a charismatic transformational leader. Depending on the results of the survey, I will make adjus tments accordingly. Although competence and cognitive ability might be keys for success when working alone, leadership requires successful interaction with others and the ability to motivate them to accomplish goals. I can be the first to admit that I work better alone.I feel that I can get the job done faster when there are no interruptions. EI/EQ is a central factor in several leadership processes, particularly in the development of charismatic and transformational leadership, where the emotional bond between leaders and followers is imperative. Being able to empathize with followers can further allow me to develop followers and create a consensus. Some researchers suggest that emotional intelligence contributes to effective leadership because an emotionally intelligent leader focuses on followers, on inspiring them, and on developing enthusiasm (George, 2000). Reflective Leadership Plan A person with average charisma can be a superior leader. I consider myself to be a leader with average charisma and I am set on changing the world. I am a leader who has an exceptional relationship with my followers and it goes beyond setting goals, using resources, and conducting business (Nahavandi, 2006). My students do not see me as merely an Instructor but as role model and/or hero. One characteristic that defines charismatic leaders is their self-confidence in their own abilities and in the correctness and the moral righteousness of their beliefs and actions (Bass, 1985).Whereas noncharismatic leaders doubt themselves in the face of failure and criticism, charismatic leaders seem to know they are right and project that confidence. My high level of confidence in their actions motivates my students and creates a self-fulfilling prophecy. Along with a high level of self-confidence, I exhibit high energy levels. I am enthusiastic about my ideas and actions, I am highly expressive, and I use my nonverbal cues to lend support to my students’ verbal messages.Charismatic leaders are masterful impression managers (Conger, 1989 House, 1977). They surround themselves with dramatic and mystical symbols that further enhance the image of the leader as a larger-than-life figure. I believe that we are born with the traits to become great leaders. Leadership can come in different forms and from all backgrounds. Having all the right conditions in place will not guarantee leadership. I have come across leaders with all the right conditions who failed by performance when given the opportunity.I have also come across the uneducated with no support system who becomes business owners and community leaders. First, leadership is a group phenomenon; there can be no leaders without followers. Leadership always involves interpersonal influence or persuasion. Second, leadership is goal directed and plays an active role in groups and organizations. Leaders use influence to guid e others through a certain course of action or toward the achievement of certain goals. Third, the presence of leaders assumes some form of hierarchy within a group.As far as my leadership style goes. I am more task oriented, according to the â€Å"What’s my Leadership Style Assessment†. I have little concern for people and more concern for completing the task. My leadership style would not work because I need more balance between the tasks and the people. This is something I would have to work on. My goal is to be a charismatic transformational leader. My current leadership style would create a problem in an organization. Gaining concern for the people would be one way my leadership style would become more effective.Getting more involved in the wants and needs of the people could aid in transforming my leadership style. I would also like to hear suggestions from my followers. As a transformational leader, I would have to bring about change, innovation, and entrepreneu rship. Transformational leaders are social and are capable of being learned and managed. It's a leadership process that is organized. The process consists of meaningful searches for change, orderly analysis, and the ability to move resources from areas of lesser to greater productivity.Strategic transformation of an organization is not something that happens exclusively through the unique behavior of charismatic intellects, it is a discipline with a set of predicted steps. Transforming an organization to make it strategically economical is a multifaceted task. However, the proof that has been gathered shows that transformation can be thought about and acted on within a framework that's easy to understand (Tichy and Devanna, 1990). To help in the development of my leadership style I would like to transform an organization.Though this may be a challenge, I know that it will involve both joys and sorrows. Winning/beating the competition is exciting, but it's painful to lay off workers, sell off businesses, and disrupt traditions. These occurrences are often part of a renewal, for what worked in the past may have become the cause of failure in the present. Transforming an organization also requires new vision, new frames for thinking about strategy, structure, and people. Some entrepreneurs can start with a clean slate, but transformational leaders begin with what is already in place.They are like architects who must redesign outmoded factories for a new use (Tichy and Devanna, 1990). Transformational Leadership Theory states that transformational leaders provide people with support by engaging with them in a way where the leaders and followers raise each other to higher levels of motivation and morality (Burns, 1978). Leaders encourage followers to accept the disappointments without feeling as if they had failed at specific tasks As a future transformational leader, I must identify myself as a change agent.My image, both professional and personal, is to make a di fference in the organization and to transform it. I must be a courageous wise risk taker, who is not afraid to take a stand. I will believe in my people and have sensitivity them but yet powerful which leads to the empowerment of them. My drive is value and I will be able to articulate a set of essential beliefs and show behavior that is quite constant with my positions. I am a lifelong learner with the ability to talk about my mistakes so that I can correct them. I will have a gift to deal with complexity, ambiguity, and uncertainty.I will learn to cope with problems in a tough, altering economy. And have a vision of what I want in my organization and be able to translate those dreams and images so that other people could share them (Tichy and Devanna, 1990). Transformational leaders are supportive of their people by helping them to replace past glories with future opportunities. This will happen only if they are able to acknowledge individual struggle that has come from a sense of loss in the transition. Leaders should encourage employees to accept the failures without feeling as if they had failed.It does not help to treat transitions as if the past did not exist. The past will hold the key to understanding what went wrong as well as what worked and can frequently provide a useful map to the future. Transformational leaders are being asked to address not only economic issues but also moral issues. Transformational leaders must be prepared to deal with a world in which resources are increasingly scarce and change happens more rapidly. All of the traits of a charismatic transformational leader are areas that I need to work on to become my best.This will be overcome by my class teachings and readings. To ensure that I am on the right path, I will implement a survey that will be administered to my followers. This survey will entail all of the key aspects of becoming a charismatic transformational leader. Depending on the results of the survey, I will make adjus tments accordingly. Although competence and cognitive ability might be keys for success when working alone, leadership requires successful interaction with others and the ability to motivate them to accomplish goals. I can be the first to admit that I work better alone.I feel that I can get the job done faster when there are no interruptions. EI/EQ is a central factor in several leadership processes, particularly in the development of charismatic and transformational leadership, where the emotional bond between leaders and followers is imperative. Being able to empathize with followers can further allow me to develop followers and create a consensus. Some researchers suggest that emotional intelligence contributes to effective leadership because an emotionally intelligent leader focuses on followers, on inspiring them, and on developing enthusiasm (George, 2000).

Phenomenology and theological aesthetics

Notes on Hans Ours von Baluster's Thought Edmund Hustler's phenomenology analyzes the downfall of science into techno, deprived of its necessary foundation in objective evidence. It responds to this impoverished self-understanding of science, the human being and the goals of reason themselves, uncovering in the roots of this epistemological and cultural crisis the true founding of our understanding and praxis of human experience.In a seemingly different arena, the possibility of religious experience has been object of a harp criticism that has uncovered and denounced its ideological social function, the unconscious constitution of its symbols and categories, and its denial of the worldliness of the human being, escaping to another fictitious world. After its own troubled polemics with modern reason the last century, Christian religion has come to understand its role in this dialogue, not as that of an enemy, but in any case, of a possible companion or inspiration for the quests of hu manitarian that triggered those critics.Nonetheless, catholic Christianity still faces some paretic uniqueness of this critic understanding of its faith, as well as the vital questioning from those to whom religion says nothing, or apparently offers nothing but another ethical proposal. This complex situation, due to, for example, different local developments, is not reducible to oversimplified oppositions or labels.The Swiss theologian Hans Ours von Blathers (1905-1988) stays in the crossroad of these contemporary interpolations and reaffirms: it is possible to experience God, and to give a reasonable account of this experience. Following the first volume of his The Glory of the Lord – A theological aesthetics we can point out some of the central challenges he seeded to face. (1) Is it possible to speak about certitude and truth in the space of faith? About the misleading â€Å"either †¦ Or† approach to faith and reason. 2) Is God ‘s revelation possible? Ag ainst a representational reduction of Jesus. (3) Can we grasp the revelation -or, better, can it grasp us- through tradition? Concerning historicity, the mediation of the community and the critic potential of faith. (4) Is it possible to respond to the calling discovered in religious experience? About the following of Jesus, autonomous ethics, the availability of salvation and, above all, the ultimate proximity but absolute asymmetry in the relation between the human being and God.In this central point lies also Baluster's main suspicion against phenomenology. These discussions will bring us the most fundamental question when meeting Baluster's thought: his claim about the necessity of an aesthetically approach to understand religious experience, or, in other terms, what he means with the affirmation that the self-emptying of the Son that makes himself a human being, lives like one, dies rectified, descends to hell, and is resurrected, reveals the true Glory of God, the proper objec t of faith.We will explore the meaning of this claim that the (ultimate) thing itself can give itself, and actually is given to us in the form of a man, making explicit the phenomenological spirit of these discussions, and how they can provide a fruitful orientation for our study of human experience. Truth and certitude Let us be guided by the structure of The Glory first volume. Its first part discusses the subjective side of religious experience, focused on the subjective evidence.Blathers shows how the Scripture and tradition know no incompatibility between Christian pistils and gnomish. The problem is not an critical use of the terms in the Godspeed, Paul, etc. But our constrained by an impoverished notion of knowledge shaped by a misunderstood sense of objectivity in natural sciences. Faith is not Just a substitute for knowledge, that accepts unfounded propositions impulses by a nude leap.Despite this fragmented modern construct, for Christian tradition to believe is an integra ting certitude that moves all human dimensions to a commitment that exceeds the individual as its only possible centering, and that's why believing cannot be understood without taking into account the form – the structure of the object – given in the experience, which is the focus of The Glory second part. The form is the thing itself in its manifestation, the nucleus that gives coherence to all the aspects of the manifestation, and gives believing its specific nature.Therefore, religious experience can ‘t be understood only in terms of an impenetrable subjective certitude founded in (IR)rational or emotive dogmatism. We face an experience that affirms itself as a convection of the lifework, perception and praxis of the subject, radically referred to an objective truth criterion. This is an important introductory hint to the aesthetically approach Blathers is sketching.He understands this reciprocal reference of subject and object in religious experience, as that of the true perception -Haranguing – of the beautiful object in nature or art, where the description of any experience of Joyous contemplation of beauty is incomplete without the consideration of its particular object (and no other). The subject experiences himself guided by the object that brings together various capacities, or develops them, in a fashion that cannot be properly described in terms of a causal explanation that considers the object as a mere physical entity.The analysis of the experience demands itself to consider the presence of the object in the subject, and of the subject in the object. Truth, as beauty, isn't Just conformity to external parameters or expectations: a breathtaking landscape or a Mozart masterpiece seems to have â€Å"everything in its place†; it poses, inside the experience, its own objective criteria. As we experience the beautiful object, we wouldn't normally struggle to condense it in one formula, definition or perspective point t o â€Å"capture† what it is about.We would rather, as Blathers repeatedly remembers, give ourselves to the experience, walking around the sculpture or painting, letting ourselves deepen our view of it by the successive partial perspectives that constitute the richness of the experience. We are proposed a symphonic experience of truth, whose harmonious variety structures an inner conformity that penetrates us subjects, who find ourselves in this music that â€Å"speaks† of us, as well as to us.What is â€Å"spoken† it's not Just a metaphoric resemblance of what is said in language, but its more profound human roots: the logos directed to the very center of the human being where all the dimensions of his experience are integrated, and he finds himself addressed as a true human being. Thing itself and representation What is given to us in perception is the manifestation of the thing itself, not Just a mere signing.For Christians, Jesus is the manifestation of God, in him is revealed the truth about God and about the human being, creature of the world. He is the nucleus ND permanent form of the revelation which comprehends the Scripture, Mary, the Church, the Creation and the Eschatology. The true scope of the form is condensed in the formula: â€Å"He who sees me, sees the Father†. The form does not testify about himself but about the Father, and so it is the Father who testifies about the truth of his words, actions, gestures, etc. I. E. The truth of his manifestation. Thus, the thing itself manifests, and its manifesting – its self- giving – is so essential to it that, as far as we can grasp its misters, it really is this very elf-emptying seeking to reach the human being as testimony of the Father. Jesus' life reveals itself as a total openness to the Father: his most intimate identity is an act of reception. In Jesus, mission and being are one; what he does is not an outer expression of his identity, but the active re ception of God's will.So, in Jesus' experience of the Father, their absolute reciprocal reference is revealed in the form of obedience which is not an irrational subjugation to an external imposition, but the receiving of his being from He who is all for him, with whom he is one in the Spirit. This openness to the Father drives Jesus to the human world. His being with others is the Father's will turned into response, because the Father wants to manifest himself to mankind.The revelation affirms the rich density of the life of a human being, where the ultimate Being reveals itself: the form of Jesus is inseparable from the sportsmanlike frame in which it occurring. So, the true experience of the form presupposes a subject within a history, a community, a body, opened through his expectations, plans and actions to the future. Our always partial experience grows as his constituents are opened through its attention to He who gives completely to us, in an infinite process that seeks its fulfillment in the object that captivates us in such a profound manner.The absolute became flesh and made his dwelling among our history, our cultures, our lands and, thus, becoming one of us, fulfilled himself accomplishing the Father's will in the Spirit. Historicity and understanding For Blathers the historical-critical method ‘s most important contribution is to show how God's word is God's word in human word. He has has nothing but praise for the academic rigor of these methods, which made possible a profound rediscovery of the Scriptures, the Holy Fathers and the tradition.He denounces, however, a common methodological extrapolation that subtly precludes the objective pole of revelation: exegesis dogmatically reduces itself to an analytic of the sign within the net of its historical mediations, that seeks nothing more but the reflection of the community about its faith, with its hermeneutic criterion being its paraxial significance for our present existential urgencies.O ur theologian feels compelled to reaffirm the manifestation of the truth in the objective form that is the Scripture, or rather, the books that form the Scripture, which, though incarnated in our present perplexities, is far more than a â€Å"dialogue† about them. The Scripture is a form submitted to the form of Christ, constituted of different forms articulated through complex relations. The completeness and profundity of the form of Christ is made evident in the richness variety of these forms. None of them is obsolete.Such prejudice is based in the previously mentioned impoverished experience of truth which imposes reduction as the exclusive form of universalistic and understanding. Beyond any unforgiving systemization of the symphonic truth that has its nucleus in Christ, the plenitude of the form manifests only in the final harmony of these irreducible forms. Hence, from this form-centered hermeneutic perspective, we cannot claim that scientific exegetical methods per SE provide us the definitive access to this truth.Our author confronts this pretended superiority, with the testimony of the first apostles and Fathers, who din ‘t only display and admirable intellectual power, but gave themselves to the living Truth that became their lives, showing us that not only the rue exegete but the true theologian is only the saints. Affirming this, we are not renouncing to the objectivity of truth, or despising exegetical sciences. We must be critically aware of the historically mediated categories (conceptual, aesthetic, etc. ) of the Scripture, as well as ours.But history is not Just a collection of facts, or a coherent articulation of sense that stood indifferently in front of us. Understanding the Scripture is recognizing -I. E. Letting us be grasped by- the spirit that animates it. It supposes human limitation, the particularity of the form in which t manifests, for only because of it, it is accessible to other limited humans as ourselves. Such lim itation constitutes the openness of our historical and cultural horizons, supported by the objectification of a written text, articulating a living tradition.Tradition, the form of the community through history, living up to our days, finds then its true form as the testifying, embodied in all its declarations and actions, that finds its truth in its submission to the form of Christ, light, path and Judge. This doesn't exclude the possibility of unfaithfulness to this calling, but rather stresses rearmament the need to test oneself under the light of the guiding objective pole. This understanding of the revelation and tradition in its historicity, reveals itself as a calling to the truth, mediation or conversion.History is this history which we consider, and it takes the form of our own patriarchal history as we understand it. Hence, historicity it's not an obstacle, as neither is it Just a neutral bridge to the truth. Its openness, as it constitutes our understanding of what was re vealed to us in Palestine and was given to us through the experiences of others conformed to the arm of Christ, constitutes simultaneously our own self-understanding.So the understanding -the experience – of the revelation enabled by the tradition which we form, reveals itself as a commitment to truth, as an integral response in the form of a conversion orientated objectively by a calling. This committed response in conversion, as well as the very understanding of the calling, presuppose a capacity to (self) critic, which doses ‘t identify with the historiographer methods but uses them and urges its development to understand critically (I. E. In conversion attitude) the historical situation in the past and nowadays.The call for conversion, the ultimate critical principle, sovereign over our own criteria, reaches us in a moment – in every moment – in our own questions, our own already traveled path, building or destroying a future expectation. In the believ er community, the living face of tradition, centered by the Scripture and the Eucharist, the individual is reached by Jesus who calls him or her by name. His life, death and resurrection, the very form revelation of God, are the form of this calling.And that profound is, when understood and believed, also the form of the free response enabled by this revelation. Praxis, responsibility and beyond Modern thought has sought to found its humiliating project as a paraxial imperative of reason, where truth achieves its fulfillment in an uninterested and persevering action: giving one's own life for a more human world for all human beings, specially for those we put the last, even protecting and Judging with the same Justice friends and enemies. The experience of the Christian commandment of love disapproves nothing of this demand and aspiration.Rather it has much to admire, and even to confess humiliated, due to its own critic potential, its sins of power and violence, hen its distinctive force is the cross, its absurd weakness, failure and inadvertent power, only experienced through one's own sin and powerlessness. For the believer this commitment to the others to have life, and that they might have it more abundantly, is the following of Jesus; not a theoretical affirmation about â€Å"religious truths† or some ritualistic praxis to gain heaven, but an all-life integrating response to the gracious love he has offering.Love refers here to the content of Jesus' life: a total self-giving to the others. This â€Å"message† embodied in the impoliteness of a human life , demands a correlative life response, whose truth criterion is the conformation of this life to the form of love, or its rejection. Thus, all the infinite possibilities of forms of the Christian life, integrate in the archetypical form of Christ, and, because his life was his total self-givens to the others, specially the most needed of healing, the follower is enabled and invited to see in his or her neighbor, the misters of that love: God himself has given his life for this man or woman.Once again Blathers proposes Mary as the true believer model, for she appears to s as the model of openness: she emptied herself for the life of God to flourish, and, doing so, she opened mankind to his revelation. In this foundational human â€Å"yes† to God, we face the pre-eminence of the feminine form over the masculine form in the objectively true response to the calling. Through the mother, he was opened to the world, to the others an their life, and to his self-discovery.His life is framed by the â€Å"yes† of the mother: in Nazareth and before the cross, she gave herself to the misters. Theology must understand -contemplate – the importance f this human constitutive conditions for the Christian response: the corporal and affective experience of the mother (previous to and beyond linguistic objectification) founds the experience of every human being of the world as good (bonus), true (verve) and beautiful (fulcrum)xv. This openness directs us to the worldly things and, through them, to the Being, and, most of all, to the possibility of infinite love.This is the horizon of Christian praxis. This experience of fulfillment through openness, which encounters in the neighbor the misters of God's redeeming love is thus mediated in ordinary life by the immunity. The believers gather responding to the Father's calling in Jesus to flourish in this shared Spirit of service, hope and expectancy, that goes beyond the sums of their individual experiences. They conform the form of the Church that serves the form of Christ manifesting him.In this way the community's life goes beyond its factual frontiers in the form of a loving life conformed to that of Jesus, where the extra ecclesiae null callus formula expresses not an elitist barbarism, but the universal calling signed by the humble, paraxial and gracious invitation, where imposition has and sh ould've had no place. As we have seen, this calling that brings the community outside itself is always situated. God din ‘t instrumentalist human nature, but fully revealed himself in it and still does here and now, appearing and calling.Thus, neither through a theoretical faith nor through an enterprise to be achieved, can the follower replace the Schwa deer Gestalt, the vision of the form that in this world, and in the most concrete way, reaches him or her in this calling. In this human perceptive openness God speaks to his creatures, and because love alone is believable, have they been rasped by the unifying misters of redemption that assumes their history and animates them in our present life, lighted by its scatological fulfillment anticipated in Jesus.The human tendency to the infinite is fulfilled and radically transformed in Jesus, truly man, and truly God, in such a manner that openness is not closed, for Jesus himself, as we have seen, receives the totality of his be ing from the Father, in the unity of the same Spirit. The human life is thus introduced to the Trinitarian lifelike, and sent in mission to the world. But this response constituted as a truly profound human praxis in that glimpse of eternity, is only possible as a gift, never as an extrapolation of human expectancies.The nucleus of the calling, of Jesus' life as the fulfillment of his mission, is neither the external imputation of a new place in the cosmos derived from his natural place, nor the recruitment in the most humanistic or revolutionary world project. Any cosmological or anthropological reduction of the Revelation in Jesus, misses the truth his life manifestation. What was and is given to human experience in Jesus, resembles no true analogy to human reason or actions, left to their own resources, to which it is, at least, scandal and madness.Though truly pipelining of his humanity, man's relationship with God is not a personal relationship, and that is why, our theologian warns, the phenomenological way cannot encounter with the essence of religious experience, for it is, at least, inattentive speaking about it in terms of dialogue, and of God as â€Å"interlocutor† of maxi. There's no discussion, adult emancipation, or middle point agreement here, but a self-giving obedient response.Jesus experience is archetypical in the sense that its integrative authority lies in its absolute singularity. As we have seen, this integration takes place in the true reception -Haranguing – of the form revealed in Jesus' life. That form is the Glory of God, which shined in his plenitude in the Cross, where the absolute beauty of the substance of God revealed itself evidently and irresistibly. This is the uniqueness of redemption that no cosmological or anthropological reduction can duplicate.To the thing itself: Hierarchical, a theological aesthetics Huskers referred to the phenomenological attitude as aesthetically. This term is also the key access to B aluster's thought in his most well-known work structured as a helically aesthetics (the Lord's Glory, Hierarchical), followed by a Therefore (Thermodynamic) and, finally, a Theology (Theologies). Blathers relies on the renewing power of Christian and western tradition which, he contests, presupposes the methodological pre-eminence of the aesthetic approach to speak about our experience of God.This interpretation denounces the perversion of theology as a static system attached from life, as well as its reduction to a militant ethical project. Baluster's recuperation of the fulcrum before the bonus and the verve, certainly refers to beauty, but, more precisely, to the sublime, in Kantian terms. In its experience we are captivated not Just by the conformity we experience in the object, but subjugated by its overwhelming worth in which we discover our insignificance, filled and elevated.Our author finds this perspective behind the whole tradition, but focuses, as tradition, in the exper ience of the disciples and the first believers of the kerugma, who didn't testify a new knowledge or ethical way, but confessed being overwhelmed by the life of this Maxine, whose transparency evidenced for them what human life really is through the eyes of God. They couldn't ignore this proposal hat demanded and received a response, whether of acceptance and redemption, or scandal and damnation.We have discussed how love is the form of the life of Jesus. He din ‘t Just proclaimed salvation to the prostitutes, lepers, tax collectors, Pharisees or fishermen, but lived among them, and doing so, in his most simple actions and in his miracles, never gave testimony of himself but of the Father who had sent him to mankind. But the splendor of this form has its center in the Cross, where this whole life of self-giving love is desiderated, mocked, fallen in disgrace and abandoned.The crucified finds himself not only ripped apart from the men and women he was sent to, but also from the Father who sent him: â€Å"My God, my God, why hast thou forsaken me? â€Å". Rejected, Jesus appears most clearly, as he who is sent, as the free communication of God that is at once the possibility of communion with him. As far as human reason can understand, that's who the Son in the immanent Trinity really is, the Our-genesis that pressures since ever the genesis, the self-emptiness, made visible, touchable and urging in the Cross.If reason sought the Cross, it would lose itself in self destruction r in the morbid contemplation of an irrational death and suffering, without any bendable link with the ones it pretends to give life for. It might be reasonable to give life for Justice and the well-being of human beings, but it makes no sense to love -in Jesus, give life for – every human benefiting. This is what the disciples slowly grasp since the Resurrection: that God accomplished the ultimate extreme for the sake of mankind giving it his his own Son.His absolute self-g ivens still offers in the Cross saving calling, silently shouting in terrifying loneliness. Theological aesthetics is, hen, no aesthetically theology. In this absurdity, Jesus radically fulfills his mission of integrating in the form of his life the totality of the human experience, sharing the fate of those who live and lose their life in the absurdity of suffering, indifference and desperation. This integration isn't Just a titanic solidarity that somehow, after the Resurrection, reaches us as an external imputation of redemption.Blathers insists in the traditional faith declaration: Jesus took our place and saved us; in him, all men and women have died and been resurrected. He died, and doing so he, the innocent, studiously made his own the sins of mankind introducing this evil in the divine lifelike, up to the point that he also suffered the condemnation of hell. In perhaps some of his most interesting and dramatic pages, Blathers describes the Holy Saturday experience of Jesus descent to hell, where he experienced himself cutter out from every relation, from the world, the others and even, in the absolute extreme, from his Father.We can only imagine -meditate in the light of the Scripture and the saint's life, that report us this misters – this absolute experience of the Saint himself, haring the destiny of the damned. Therefore, contemplation lies at the center of these considerations, for we find ourselves in a misters. Not between incomprehensible affirmations, but realizing how the extreme love fully revealed in the cross has broken every ethical barrier and radically transformed our sense of ourselves, our world and where lies the ultimate reality in which we dwell.This is the self-giving love that in its true and evident splendor enraptures the deepest intimacy of man or woman, enabling the response, for love alone is believable. So love is the absence of God xv, and the medium in which we are made participants of the Trinitarian life. The Gl ory is the manifestation of this redemption crucified love, fully accomplished in the Resurrection, in which we are resurrected, integrated in the path traced and completed by Jesus.Supported in this aesthetically enrapture in the form of Jesus, we are capable of carrying out our response, as the acceptance of our role in this Grant Theatre del Mound. Blathers explores the Therefore of the following, in the frame of the bigger action of Redemption, characterized through the image of Cauldron De la Barb's assistance. Each one is invited to accept freely the role reserved for him or her by God, between the characters of the action. Obedience appears here as letting God be God in one's own life, Just like Mary, and, ultimately, Jesus.The follower is incorporated in the central action which inevitably leads to the Cross, the redeemers Haranguing of the form of Christ, which enables our response, conforming it to him, sent to the others in loving self-givens. Thus, in the neighbor we fin d the acting love of Jesus for this limited human being, that is addressed by his or her singular personal name. The neighbor is not Just an associate or the beneficiary in our praxis, but a particular person, named by God, singled out of the mere world of things.And, for I recognize in this experience the godly love for this sinner, I am reminded of my own sin and acknowledge thankfully the redemption I was also given. In strict sense, I'm not to be â€Å"another Jesus† but a co-participant in his redeeming action. His is the accomplishing and the Judgment. All the dogmatism of Christian faith stems from this encounter space between the believer and the neighborhoods, in which they are integrated by Christ.There is manifested his being sent by the Father, his true humanity as the true face of the Father in the all-involving love of the Spirit. This misters is remembered, meditated and cherished in the community by its expression in the declarations of faith, as we have seen, no esoterically outwardly affirmations, or normative tools measured by its usefulness for our praxis. Only from this path can the believer attempt a word conformed to the truth of the Misters to which he or she looses his own life, to be born in the new life opened by Jesus.This is the true position and role of Theology. From this experience, it's Seibel to risk a word about the truth of the world, in dialogue with its now regrettably divorced companion, philosophy. There blossoms the truth about the human being, and the truth about God. This knowledge, aware of the absolute truth from where it flows, as well as its limitation to an analogical language, is the Christian noosing, the service of the truth developed in tradition, expressed in the teachings of the Magistrate and permanently explored by theologically.Conclusion (I): Servants of human experience Hans Ours von Baluster's theology invites the reader to realize the human capacity to eek and reach -or, rather, being reached by – the thing itself. Even more, the full profoundness of the ultimate â€Å"thing† itself is revealed precisely in a man, Jesus. Human experience is not Just a sign of the absolute, but the space of its true Revolutionaries, which awakens and enables the obeying response of letting oneself be appropriated by the form of Christ.In him, man is really turned into the language of Goodwin. This full attention of the believer in the contemplation of the only important thing, God, orientates him or her to the world in a self-giving that, Just like Jesus, is not a canonical predication, but the true embracement of the world's hopes, pains, and struggles. As we have seen, the faithfulness to the Spirit which constitutes the community, prevents its mission from the temptation to build its own kingdom in this world, for what is now lived is a pilgrimage.This faithfulness demands from the community -its authority structure, its rituals, its groups and individual members form of the life of Jesus: exposition to the world and powerlessness, in order for the true power to find its silent way. â€Å"Integrity†, as von Blathers calls it, is not Just a catalogs desire for an impossible comeback to Christendom; it's a denial to the Cross, the fall in the ever present temptation of building securities out of ourselves. Christians may and should collaborate with all human projects to protect and foster the human spirit.Doing so they shouldn't look down on the nonbeliever, not only because of the vivid memories of their shameful past, but because Jesus himself elevated the love of the pagan (the good Samaritan) to the level of his own lovelier. His is the Spirit to flow wherever the Father wishes. Thus, the Church rejoices in Jesus or all development of the human world, but should ‘t measure itself against the world's criteria: growing number, influence, appreciation, etc. Xiii Only the Spirit gives the measure: the form of Christ, poor, unarmed, respec tful of the human response, and abandoned in God.The community knows itself as forgiven sinners, and there lies the permanent force of its critic capacity in order to continuously convert itself to God's forgiving love. The consciousness of this love, and their poor response to it, drives Christians confidently and humbly to the world, given to them as the talent, not as property. Far away from despising this world, the believer cooperates in what he or she knows is a never ending task that it's not up to us to measure.This anticipated experience of the Kingdom is that of giving reason with meekness and fear, through life, of the loving hope which fulfills the longings of the world. Excursus:This Lifework Blathers dialogues with the contemporary European religious indifference, as well as the perplexities of the post-conciliator Christianity. What sense can it make to discuss philosophically this theology in a seemingly inverse context like Peru and Latin America, with such particul ar experience f widespread institutionalizing of individual autonomy, massive access to technology, wealth and leisure, religious pluralism or practical atheism?Let us briefly address this question, before finishing. One day in October it is possible to see a Senor De Los Mailbags procession along the main pathway of this University where professors and students of its Science and Engineering School carry the image into their building between typical chants, attire and even Peruvians women with the traditional incense. Statistical data shows this was and is a familiar experience for many of these professionals of natural

Business processing model

Business processing model Business processing model refers to the manner in which concepts are handled in a firm, as opposed to what is being done. This is the main distinction between this concept and system modeling. It facilitates in deciding the nature of business undertakings, therefore, facilitates competent decision making as pertains to the concepts to be adopted. They record daily activities, making it is easier to determine processes that can be managed easily and those that need upgrading.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business processing model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More This concept, if adopted by Wood House Day Spa in Cincinnati, Ohio will be of immense benefit to their undertaking. This firm concentrates on promoting personal health through diet and other fitness activities. Clients are taken through a plethora of training regimes, both in the gym and outdoor events. They undergo regular massage sessions and have access to a spa. In addition to this, Wood House has a retail outlet for their beauty products and food supplements. Since it is a new company, they offer their services at affordable costs and have ambitions of transforming themselves into market leaders. In order to achieve this, it is imperative that they adopt a suitable Internet based business processing model. Business model and Its Importance In order for one to achieve success in online marketing, they should staunchly believe in the philosophy that success relies on consumers, as opposed to purchasers. Computers characterize life for a majority of the populace. With these in mind, they should be willing to avail free information on their products online, since a majority of persons will not be willing to spend on commodities they do not know. The utility model is flexible enough and can serve them well, helping them achieve their goal. It contends that although users consider service a necessity, reliability is essential, and this may limit utilization of capacity. Functional stipulation for Internet use and benefits of a Website Electronic retailing is among the fastest growing online ventures at the moment. By designing a website, they will publicize their products on a large scale, without any restrictions. They also stand a chance of earning proceeds if people will want to advertise on their portal. Wood House can post information about their organization and products on select websites, with links to their portal for further information. They stand to benefit a great deal from this since most people prefer remote shopping. Delivery services can be outsourced from other companies hence keeping their overhead low.Advertising Looking for essay on business economics? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Communication with their customers will be swifter and more reliable. They can establish email addresses and premium numbers as to serve as hotl ines for use incase of any emergency. Random clients can also be picked to participate in online surveys to help them improve their product and service quality. In line with this, the Manufacturer Direct concept is the best model they can adopt. This front provides them with several models, most notably the purchase model, which will allow them to sell their goods directly to their purchasers. They will enjoy all profits arising from the sales. For their therapeutic products, they can adopt the lease model. They will allow customers to access to services for a specified duration before billing them as agreed upon. This method can be used for regular customers. Lastly, the Brand-Integrated integrated approach can also be used to interact with customers and sell them products. Wood House will formulate messages with information on the products and relay them to target audiences. In order to achieve this, they require a server. Technological stipulation for Implementation and software utilized IBM Super computer are aptly suited for this job. Personal computers, most preferably desktop computers are necessary. They will require word processing software to create material for their clients and format converters to make them up loadable. JavaScript is the best programming language they can use to design their website. References Bono, E and Heller, R. (2006). Internet Commerce: You cant afford to bide your time with new technology. Web. Fox, S. C. (2008). Internet Riches: The Simple Money-Making Secrets of Online Millionaires. New York: AMACOM Div American Mgmt Assn Rappa, M. A. (2004). The utility business model and the future of computing services. IBM Systems Journal Vol. 43 No 1.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on Business processing model specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More Rappa, M (2010). Business Models on the Web. Digital enterprise Retrieved from http://digitalenterprise.org/models/models.html

3 Types of Sexual Life Cycles - Evolution

3 Types of Sexual Life Cycles - Evolution One of the properties of life is the ability to reproduce to create offspring that can carry on the genetics of the parent or parents  to the following generations. Living organisms can accomplish this by reproducing in one of two ways. Some species use asexual reproduction to make offspring, while others reproduce using sexual reproduction. While each mechanism has its pros and its cons, whether or not a parent needs a partner to reproduce or it can make offspring on its own are both valid ways to carry on the species. Different kinds of eukaryotic organisms that undergo sexual reproduction  have different types of sexual life cycles. These life cycles determine how the organism will not only make its offspring but also how the cells within the multicellular organism will reproduce themselves. The sexual life cycle determines  how many sets of chromosomes each cell in the organism  will have. Diplontic Life Cycle A diploid cell is a type of eukaryotic cell that has 2 sets of chromosomes. Usually, these sets are a genetic mixture of both the male and female parent. One set of the chromosomes comes from the mother and one set comes from the father. This allows a nice mixture of the genetics of both parents and increases diversity of traits in the gene pool for natural selection to work on. In a diplontic life cycle, the majority of the organisms life is spent with most of the cells in the body being diploid. The only cells that have half the number of chromosomes, or are haploid, are the gametes (sex cells). Most organisms that have a diplontic life cycle start from the fusion of two haploid gametes. One of the gametes comes from a female and the other from the male. This coming together of the sex cells creates a diploid cell called a zygote. Since the diplontic life cycle keeps most of the body cells as diploid, mitosis can happen to split the zygote and continue splitting future generations of cells. Before mitosis can happen, the cells DNA is duplicated to make sure the daughter cells have two full sets of chromosomes that are identical to each other. The only haploid cells that happen during a diplontic life cycle are gametes. Therefore, mitosis cannot be used to make the gametes. Instead, the process of meiosis is what creates the haploid gametes from the diploid cells in the body. This ensures that the gametes will have only one set of chromosomes, so when they fuse again during sexual reproduction, the resulting zygote will have the two sets of chromosomes of a normal diploid cell. Most animals, including humans, have a diplontic sexual life cycle. Haplontic Life Cycle Cells that spend the majority of their lives in a haploid phase are considered to have a haplontic sexual life cycle. In fact, organisms that have a haplontic life cycle are only composed of a diploid cell when they are zygotes. Just like in the diplontic life cycle, a haploid  gamete from a female and a haploid gamete from a male will fuse to make a diploid zygote. However, that is the only diploid cell in the entire haplontic life cycle.   The zygote undergoes meiosis at its first division to create daughter cells that have half the number of chromosomes compared to the zygote. After that division, all of the now haploid cells in the organism undergo mitosis in future cell divisions to create more haploid cells. This continues on for the organisms entire life cycle. When it is time to sexually reproduce, the gametes are already haploid and can just fuse with another organisms haploid gamete to form the zygote of the offspring. Examples of organisms that live a haplontic sexual life cycle include fungi, some protists, and some plants. Alternation of Generations The final type of sexual life cycle is a kind of mix of the two previous types. Called alternation of generations, the organism spends about half of its life in a haplontic life cycle and the other half of its life in a diplontic life cycle. Like the haplontic and diplontic life cycles, organisms that have an alternation of generations sexual life cycle begin life as a diploid zygote formed from the fusion of haploid gametes from a male and a female. The zygote can then either undergo mitosis and enter its diploid phase, or perform meiosis and become haploid cells. The resulting diploid cells are called sporophytes and the haploid cells are called gametophytes. The cells will continue to do mitosis and split in whichever phase they enter and create more cells for growth and repair. Gametophytes can then once again fuse to become a diploid zygote of the offspring. Most plants live the alternation of generations sexual life cycle.

The History and Career of Smokey the Bear

The History and Career of Smokey the Bear Smokey Bear came to us by necessity. At the beginning of World War II, Americans feared that an enemy attack or sabotage could destroy our forest resources at a time when wood products were greatly needed. In the spring of 1942, a Japanese submarine fired shells onto an oil field in Southern California near Los Padres National Forest. Government officials were relieved that the shelling did not start a forest fire but were determined to provide protection. The USDA Forest Service organized the Cooperative Forest Fire Prevention (CFFP) Program in 1942. It encouraged citizens nationwide to make a personal effort to prevent forest fires. It was a mobilized civilian effort in support of the war effort to protect valuable trees. Timber was a primary commodity for battleships, gunstocks, and packing crates for military transport. Character Development Walt Disneys Bambi character was very popular and was used on an initial anti-fire poster. The success of this poster demonstrated that an animal of the forest was the best messenger to promote the prevention of accidental forest fires. On August 2, 1944, the Forest Service and the War Advertising Council introduced a bear as their campaign symbol.​ Albert Staehle, noted illustrator of animals, worked with this description to paint the forest fire prevention bear. His art appeared in the 1945 campaign, and the advertising symbol was given the name Smokey Bear. The bear was named Smokey after Smokey Joe Martin, who was Assistant Chief of the New York City Fire Department from 1919 to 1930. Rudy Wendelin, an artist for the Forest Service, began producing a tremendous quantity of Smokey Bear art in various media for special events, publications, and licensed products to promote the fire prevention symbol. Long after retiring, he created the art for the Smokey Bears 40th anniversary commemorative U.S. Postage stamp. Many within the Forest Service still acknowledge Wendelin as being the true Smokey Bear artist. The Ad Campaign After World War II, the War Advertising Council changed its name to The Advertising Council. In the years that followed, the focus of Smokeys campaign broadened to appeal to children as well as adults. But it was not until the 1965 campaign and the work of Smokey artist Chuck Kuderna that Smokeys image evolved into the one we know today. The Smokey Bear concept has matured into a cottage industry of collectibles and educational material on fire prevention. One of the most popular Smokey products is a set of posters known as his educational poster collection. The Real Smokey Bear Smokey Bears living history began early in 1950 when  a burned cub survived a fire in the Lincoln National Forest near Capitan, New Mexico. Because this bear survived a terrible forest fire and won the love and imagination of the American public, many people mistakenly believe the cub was the original Smokey Bear but, in reality, he did not come along until the advertising symbol was almost six years old. After being nursed back to health, Smokey came to live at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C. as a living counterpart to the CFFP Programs fire prevention symbol. Over the years, thousands of people from around the world came to see Smokey Bear at the National Zoo. A mate, Goldie, was introduced with the hope a young Smokey would continue the tradition of the famous living symbol. These efforts failed and an adopted son was sent to the zoo so the aged bear could retire on May 2, 1975. After many years of popularity, the original Smokey died in 1976. His remains were returned to Capitan and rest beneath a stone marker in Smokey Bear Historical State Park. For more than 15 years, the adopted Smokey carried on as the living symbol, but in 1990, when the second Smokey Bear died, the living symbol was laid to rest. Smokeys Detractors Smokey Bears task is becoming increasingly difficult. In years past, it was a challenge for his message to reach traditional visitors to the forest. Now we are faced with getting his wildfire prevention message to an increasing number of people who live in and around these areas. But Smokey the Bear may have done too good a job. There are some who suggest that we have eliminated fire to the point that it is hurting not only forest management but is building fuels for future fire disaster. They dont want Smokeys message out anymore. Charles Little, in an editorial called Smokeys Revenge, states that in many circles the bear is a pariah. Even at the National Zoo in Washington DC, which tends to be inclusive, the popular Smokey Bear exhibit was quietly dismantled in 1991 - after having featured since 1950 a bear going by this name (involving two separate animals). The point is, Smokeys ecological correctness quotient is low, as an increasing number of forest ecologists have been pointing out in recent years. We anthropomorphize at our peril. Another good essay was written by Jim Carrier for High Country News. It gives a humorous but somewhat cynical view of Smokey. He does not sugar-coat and offers a very entertaining piece called  An Agency Icon at 50. This is a must read! Adapted from USDA Forest Service Publication FS-551 The Real Smokey Bear Smokey Bears living history began early in 1950, when a burned cub survived a fire in the Lincoln National Forest near Capitan, New Mexico. Because this bear survived a terrible forest fire and won the love and imagination of the American public, many people mistakenly believe the cub was the original Smokey Bear, but in reality he did not come along until the advertising symbol was almost six years old. After being nursed back to health, Smokey came to live at the National Zoo in Washington, D.C., as a living counterpart to the CFFP Programs fire prevention symbol. Over the years, thousands of people from around the world came to see Smokey Bear at the National Zoo. A mate, Goldie, was introduced with the hope a young Smokey would continue the tradition of the famous living symbol. These efforts failed and an adopted son was sent to the zoo so the aged bear could retire on May 2, 1975. After many years of popularity, the original Smokey died in 1976. His remains were returned to Capitan and rest beneath a stone marker in Smokey Bear Historical State Park. For more than 15 years, the adopted Smokey carried on as the living symbol, but in 1990, when the second Smokey Bear died, the living symbol was laid to rest. Smokeys Detractors Smokey Bears task is becoming increasingly difficult. In years past, it was a challenge for his message to reach traditional visitors to the forest. Now we are faced with getting his wildfire prevention message to an increasing number of people who live in and around these areas. But Smokey the Bear may have done too good a job. There are some who suggest that we have eliminated fire to the point that it is hurting not only forest management but is building fuels for future fire disaster. They dont want Smokeys message out anymore. Charles Little, in an editorial called Smokeys Revenge, states that in many circles the bear is a pariah. Even at the National Zoo in Washington DC, which tends to be inclusive, the popular Smokey Bear exhibit was quietly dismantled in 1991 - after having featured since 1950 a bear going by this name (involving two separate animals). The point is, Smokeys ecological correctness quotient is low, as an increasing number of forest ecologists have been pointing out in recent years. We anthropomorphize at our peril. Another good essay was written by Jim Carrier for High Country News. It gives a humorous but somewhat cynical view of Smokey. He does not sugar-coat and offers a very entertaining piece called An Agency Icon at 50. This is a must read! Adapted from USDA Forest Service Publication FS-551

Psychological Profiling Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

Psychological Profiling - Case Study Example It has been reported that Jane was last seen on 24th May 2008 on Wednesday, wearing blue denim jeans corresponding up with a blue and white striped sweater, red court shoes and a complementary shoulder bag with her credit cards and mobile phone inside it. She was also tiring tights, bra and knickers inside her clothes, which were found at the place where the corpse was exposed. She went misplaced the night she had gathering plans with her group of friends at a close by bar and the Police spoke to all her friends concerning the entrance of Jane Smith at the appointment place and her friends learned saying that Jane was supposed to make it to the pub as planned at somewhere around eight or nine pm and she would always enlighten her friends if she was to get any late for the get-together. The dead body was found at Water ship Common which is a locality about fifteen miles away from her house and where a fire was reported on 17th July, 2008 on Thursday, and since the fire was located jus t thirty yards away from the road people around the area were apprehensive that the fire could get out of hands but earlier than it was too late the authorities came and took concern of it and that is when the dead body of Jane Smith was exposed harshly charred and without any clothes on. DNA and dental assessment were the only firm evidences through which it was recognized as Jane Smith's body for the reason that the entire body was burnt with the head covered by a charred piece of cardboard and the base of the fire was the lower abdominal part and the genital parts of the dead body. A green scarf was also exposed right underneath the cardboard covering the head also and after the assessment of the head area the neck was inspected and which was exposed tied around compactly with a pair of tights along with a number of metal eyeholes all about the body and the over all state of the dead body looked like to some extent a canvas covering. There were no accommodations done to obscure t he body along with its surroundings that were chiefly open woodland and un-destroyed views of the complete area through the neighbouring road. The state of the body predicts a very weird behavioural pattern when it comes to the executioner and perhaps we can prognosticate that the killer could have been in a very choleric and pitiless state of mind. For illustration, we often hear about harshly killed young girls which also involves a progression of deaths in the same patterning or method and mostly the offenders are eccentric stalkers who are one way or another fanatical with raping and ultimately killing these girls. In this case the kind of crime is perhaps premeditated murder which can be predicted from side to side the condition of the body that clearly states that the girl was either kidnapped first or willingly taken to this location followed by corporeal harm or torture and then ultimately the place was burnt down with the exercise of petrol all over the consign and body. Rational Result: The stipulation of the body makes it safe to finish that the girl was perhaps intentionally kidnapped or mugged on the street then taken to the place and physically abused and then ultimately burnt down so that all the evidences including the major one that of the body can disappear and probably for the reason that the criminal planned on departure no mark at the back. The Police

The Problem with Satisfying a Demanding Audience Essay

The Problem with Satisfying a Demanding Audience - Essay Example Originality in itself presents a problem. Before something completely original is understood, it needs to gain acceptance by an audience. By the time audiences understand and embrace a concept, it is not new anymore. Various bandwagons are therefore evident in the world of literature, music, and entertainment in general. Some of the most famous examples of a platform from which various spin-offs were created are Shakespeare’s plays Hamlet and Othello. In fact, the themes, premises, and scenarios of most of Shakespeare’s plays are to be found in other intellectual creations since they were written, and continue to be promulgated to this day. Everybody is aware, for example, that West Side Story is a re-hash of the Romeo and Juliet story. Yet it is not paradoxical to say that the two are original. "Just as Tony and Maria, our Romeo and Juliet, set themselves apart from the other kids by their love, so we have tried to set them even further apart by their language, their songs, their movement. Wherever possible in the show, we have tried to heighten emotion or to articulate inarticulate adolescence through music, song or dance," Arthur Laurents said about the development of characters in West Side Story. (New York Herald Tribune, August 4, 1957) The statement is possibly as far removed from William Shakespeare’s original idea for a play as it is likely to be. The concept of adolescence as a pressure group did not exist in Shakespeare’s time: people were adults and ‘marriageable’ as soon as they reached puberty. The ideas are similar, but the audience ‘readings’ are necessarily totally different. This kind of work, that so clearly takes on the themes and premises of another, is called derivative.  

Environmental Geology Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Environmental Geology - Assignment Example motions between the larger Pacific, North America and Eurasia plates; these include the Okhotsk and Amur microplates that are respectively part of North America and Eurasia. (b) The Japan Trench subduction zone has hosted nine events of magnitude 7 or greater since 1973. The largest of these is a M 7.8 earthquake approximately 260 km to the north of the March 11 epicenter, caused 3 fatalities and almost 700 injuries in December 1994. In June of 1978, a M 7.7 earthquake 35 km to the southwest of the March 11 epicenter caused 22 fatalities and over 400 injuries. Large offshore earthquakes have occurred in the same subduction zone in 1611, 1896 and 1933 that each produced devastating tsunami waves on the Sanriku coast of Pacific NE Japan. (c) The coastline here is particularly vulnerable to tsunami waves because it has many deep coastal embayments that amplify tsunami waves and cause great wave inundations. The M 7.6 subduction earthquake of 1896 created tsunami waves as high 38 m and a reported death toll of 22,000. The M 8.6 earthquake of March 2, 1933 produced tsunami waves as high as 29 m on the Sanriku coast and caused more than 3000 fatalities. The March 11, 2011 earthquake far surpassed other earthquakes in the southern Japan Trench of the 20th century, none of which attained M8. A predecessor may have occurred on July 13, 869, when the Sendai area was swept by a large tsunami that Japanese scientists have identified from written records and a sand sheet. Ans. Eyjafjallajà ¶kull, also known as Eyjafjà ¶ll, lies south of the intersect between Icelands East Volcanic Zone (EVZ), a NE-SW trending rift system, and the E-W trending South Iceland Seismic Zone (SISZ). The EVZ is currently the main zone of divergence between the North American and Eurasian plates on the Icelandic landmass, with slightly less divergence currently occurring at the parallel Western Volcanic Zone. Eyjafjallajà ¶kull is an elongated structure somewhat resembling a shield volcano, which is

Labor's New Internationalism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Labor's New Internationalism - Essay Example They were subjected to increased pressure to deregulate and open their economies. Eventually, this resulted in the deregulation of their financial systems, and they became the key victims of today's global economic disaster. The consequent financial instability has resulted in slow economic growth. This further translates into increased unemployment rates, lower wages and greater overall insecurity of the nation. The correlated, general upward price movement of goods and services in the economy has made it difficult for consumers to even buy the products that they produce. The WTO has not been held accountable for the disruptive rules and regulations that they imposed and it has also avoided responsibility for the negative impact it has had on the workers and environment. The system has destabilized the national and local efforts to legislate and normalize the conditions. They WTO have exploited the deeply rooted social values that they live by. During the cold war, labor unions played a mainly geopolitical role defined by anticommunism. Strong Unions were essential tools for the development of democracy. By the end of the cold war, all labor unions lost that international political significance and were now considered to be an obstacle to business interests.

The Compromise of Self and Identity within Indonesian Contemporary Art Essay

The Compromise of Self and Identity within Indonesian Contemporary Art - Essay Example The essay "The Compromise of Self and Identity within Indonesian Contemporary Art" talks about Indonesian Contemporary Art in the context of Compromise of Self and Identity. The aptitude for dialogue and ability to represent energetic reality is allowing the Indonesian contemporary artists to epitomize the most fundamental language. In addition, it has been an observation that any conceptual or artistic expression is always attenuated by a powerful, socio-political-cultural testimony. Perhaps nowhere is this disparity more strikingly seen than the swirling ideas in the exploration of self and identity, which undoubtedly fomented and regenerated repeatedly. Even so, the range of artworks conceived have become the â€Å"in-between† platform and terrain of difference that form their identity. In recent years, the social, political, and cultural reference within the formation of collective idealism has been called into question. The complexity of identity formation has reached a p oint in which so many versions of the self seem plausible. However, many artists offer a conception of both actual and conceptual self in which they coexist within cultural hybridization occurring in Indonesia. In this conception, the defining features of each self are retained and understandable to exist only in relationship to one another, like figure and ground, front stage and back stage as a single undifferentiated system of self and identity. In this regard, Indonesian artists today are capable of holding off. every explicit local or ethnic exercise while constructing new artistic or cultural traditions within their art. In specific, it is that duality of the idea of expression and ability to associate that gives way to opportunities of significant dialogue and powerful presentation of self. Unfortunately, it is observation that Indonesian contemporary art confronts misinterpretation as outsiders do not know the current situation in Indonesia, or that their knowledge on Indone sia is not up-to-date, hence, failing to understand the symbolism, perspective, and scope that the artwork entails. In short, taking consideration of not being present, the artwork becomes insignificant and loses integrity of its history. What one comprehends as the real identity of Indonesian art is in fact comes with various confrontations and misapplications, which eventually become difficult to be handled constructively. Various statements and answers on what message is actually conveyed in the artwork ultimately only succeed to reveal the fact that the art is still being questioned. Thus, one can understand why at certain times, the principals of art in this country are determined to find the ‘true identity’, while threatening all the potential establishment of ‘false identities’. The term ‘contemporary Indonesian art’—or its fractions, ‘art’ or ‘contemporary’, has never been under instant declaration. Ther efore, that term alongside with the awareness in understanding it develops gradually, and has its own contexts within the discourse. Although curator Jim Supangkat was not the pioneer of ‘contemporary art’ during the significant shift in Indonesian art; however, during that time, through his views and in supporting other artists, he was

History of Washington State Wine industry and it's global future Research Paper

History of Washington State Wine industry and it's global future - Research Paper Example This will be followed by the global future of the industry. The Washington wine is produced from grapes grown in the Washington region and this industry ranks second in the overall production of wine, falling only second to California. The industry has seen immense growth and development and the number of vineyards has grown to over 30,000, which cater to the export needs to almost forty different countries from around the world. The main production of wine takes place in the eastern half of the state, and this half is desert like in nature. Irrigation and water rights are a major interest to the industry and this is solely due to the rain shadow of the Cascade regions (Matthews). Also the Viticulture of the state is also a result of the high levels of sunlight that the area receives. The wine industry was started way back in 1825, when the first wine grapes were planted by Hudson’s Bay Company at the Ford Vancouver. As time passed by 1910, the state saw a high level of increase in the growing of grapes across the state (Gregutt). The credits for pioneers of the plantations however go to the French, Italians and Germans. There were number of efforts for the Wine Projects from wine experts and historians like Ron Irvine and Dr. Walter Clore. These experts were the ones to start the early planting at Fort Vancouver. The year 1854 saw the hybrid varieties of grapes and these were got to the Puget Sound region. As time passed by 1860, wine grapes were being started to plant in the region of the Walla Walla valley. The early 1900s specifically around 1903, found a large number of irrigation projects that were developed. During this time there was a large melt down of the Cascade Mountains and this was a huge opportunity for the people as the soil in these areas was rich volcanic and the weather here was sunny and arid. It was now that the Yakima and Columbia regions also saw the plantations of Italian and German varieties. As time passed by this